数字版权背景下短视频侵权困境及治理策略--基于短视频独创性视角

The Dilemma and Governance Strategy of Short Video Copyright Infringement on the Background of Digital Copyright:Based on the Originality of Short Video

数字复制及分享技术对传统的版权保护构成了新挑战。随着新媒体技术的发展,与短视频版权相关的数字媒体复制权、信息网络传播权及技术措施权都有了新的发展,导致以强调法律控制和知识产权保护、知识共享概念为基础的社会参与和公共责任两种传统版权价值体系遭受新的冲击。独创性作为版权产业的核心内容,也是短视频作品版权的逻辑起点。在短视频侵权及其治理中,独创性是争议的焦点;个案实践是独创性判定依据,而创造性的转向也是短视频判定的一大平衡原则。数字平台短视频内容产消关系变革、参与式文化产品的准版权利益博弈、短视频制作中"合理使用"难以明晰、技术中立的"避风港原则"套用,导致数字版权背景下短视频版权治理出现系列困境。在治理目标、治理主体、治理对象、治理手段上采用制度修正的柔法治理、社会协同治理、平台化过滤治理、法律与技术嵌合治理等,是数字版权背景下的短视频版权治理策略与路径。

Digital copying and sharing technologies pose new challenges to traditional copyright protection.With the development of new media technology,the digital media reproduction rights,information network dissemination rights and technical measures rights related to the copyright of short videos have all developed anew.The two traditional copyright value systems based on social participation and public responsibility,which emphasizing the concepts of legal control,intellectual property protection,and knowledge sharing,have been suffered new impacts.As the core content of the copyright industry,originality is also the logical starting point for the copyright of short video works.In short video copyright infringement and its governance,originality is the focus of controversy.Practice of individual case is the basis for originality judgment;and creative turn is also a principle of balance in short video judgment.Changes in the relationship between production and consumption of short video contents on digital platforms,the quasi-copyright benefit game of participatory cultural products,and the application of the safe haven principle are difficult to clarify Besides,the fair use in short video production and technology neutrality have led to a series of dilemmas in short video copyright governance in the context of digital copyright.In terms of objectives,subjects,objects,and methods governance,the use of system-modified soft-law,social collaborative and platform-based filtering governance,as well as legal and technological integration governance are strategies for short video copyright governance in the context of digital copyright.