不同品种油茶果实成熟期叶片养分及磷组分的差异

Differences of nutrients and foliar phosphorus fraction in different Camellia oleifera varieties at fruit maturation period

【目的】探讨果实成熟期不同品种油茶的养分差异及磷素的利用能力,为后期施肥提供指导,以提高油茶产量。【方法】以8年生油茶‘长林23’‘长林55’‘赣无12’‘赣无16’为研究对象,在果实成熟期采集油茶叶片测定其形态指标、养分含量、磷组分含量,并探讨养分与磷组分的关系。【结果】1)4个品种油茶的叶片形态存在差异,其中,‘赣无12’的叶面积最大,‘长林23’的叶面积最小;‘长林55’的叶形指数最大,‘赣无16’的叶形指数最小;2)‘赣无16’的叶片全氮含量显著低于其他3个品种,有机碳含量显著低于‘赣无12’。‘长林55’与‘赣无12’的C∶P显著高于‘长林23’与‘赣无16’。3)‘赣无16’的核酸磷含量显著低于其他3个品种,结构磷含量显著低于‘长林23’。4)通过相关性分析,结构磷与叶片全氮有显著的正相关关系;核酸磷与叶形指数、叶片全氮、叶片N∶P有显著的正相关关系;残余磷与叶片全磷有显著的正相关关系。【结论】‘长林23’‘长林55’‘赣无12’‘赣无16’4个品种油茶的叶片形态存在差异。在果实成熟期,品种对油茶叶片的碳含量、氮含量、C∶P、结构磷和核酸磷含量有显著影响,对全磷和N∶P、C∶N、代谢磷和残余磷无显著影响;‘长林23’的磷利用能力最高,‘长林55’和‘赣无12’次之,‘赣无16’最低。因此,在油茶施肥和养分管理过程中,应根据油茶品种的叶片养分特性和磷组分差异调整施肥比例,科学合理增施氮肥和磷肥,以克服南方红壤磷素缺乏的养分限制因子的不利影响,提高油茶产量。

【Objective】In order to explore the nutrient differences and phosphorus utilization capacity of different varieties of Camellia oleifera at fruit maturation period,and to provide guidance for later fertilization to increase the output of C.oleifera.【Method】Four varieties of C.oleifera were selected(‘Changlin 23’‘Changlin 55’‘Ganwu 12’and‘Ganwu 16’)to determine its morphological indicators,nutrient content and phosphorus fraction at fruit maturation period,and explore the relationship between nutrient and phosphorus fraction【Result】1)There are differences in leaf morphology among the four varieties of C.oleifera.Among them,the leaf area of‘Ganwu12’is the largest,‘Changlin 23’is the smallest.The leaf shape index of‘Changlin 55’is the largest,‘Ganwu16’is the smallest.2)The total nitrogen content in leaves of‘Ganwu16’is significantly lower than that of the other 3 varieties,and the organic carbon content is significantly lower than that of‘Ganwu12’at fruit maturation period.The C∶P of‘Changlin 55’and‘Ganwu 12’are significantly higher than that of‘Changlin 23’and‘Ganwu 16’at fruit maturation period.3)The nucleic acid phosphorus content of‘Ganwu16’is significantly lower than that of the other three varieties,and the structure phosphorus content is significantly lower than that of‘Changlin 23’at fruit maturation period.4)Through correlation analysis,there is a significant positive correlation between structural phosphorus and leaf total nitrogen;There is a significant positive correlation between nucleic acid phosphorus and leaf shape index,leaf total nitrogen,leaf N∶P.There is a significant positive correlation between residual phosphorus and total phosphorus in leaves.【Conclusion】There are differences in leaf morphology of‘Changlin 23’‘Changlin 55’‘Ganwu 12’and‘Ganwu 16’.At fruit maturation period,the variety has a significant effect on the carbon content,nitrogen content,C∶P,structural phosphorus and nucleic acid phosphorus content of C.oleifera leaves,but has no significant effect on total phosphorus,N∶P,C∶N,metabolic phosphorus and residual phosphorus;‘Changlin 23’has the highest phosphorus utilization capacity,followed by‘Changlin 55’and’Ganwu 12’,and’Ganwu 16’is the lowest.Therefore,in the process of C.oleifera fertilization and nutrient management,the fertilization ratio should be adjusted according to the leaf nutrient characteristics and phosphorus fraction differences of different varieties,and the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be increased scientifically and rationally to overcome the adverse impact of phosphorus deficiency nutrient limiting factors in southern red soil and improve the yield of C.oleifera.