机器伦理学的当代争议及其解决方案

The Solutions to Contemporary Disputes in Machine Ethics

机器伦理学是思考智能机器带来的伦理问题的新兴研究领域,但其内部已存在重大争议和分歧。这些争议可以粗略地划分为两类:第一,在应然层面,人工智能体是否应该具有伦理判断能力?如果答案是肯定的,那么在程度层面,要实现何种程度的人工道德体?第二,在实现层面,如何设计人工道德体?分歧产生于人们对于人工智能体的道德角色、道德责任、道德能力等均有不同的理解,而有限人工道德体可以成为解决机器伦理学中重要争议的有效方案。该方案不仅充分考虑道德行动的条件与期望等限定因素,同时也在彻底反对人工道德体和完全支持人工道德体之间开辟一条切实可行的进路,为未来发展人工道德体打下坚实基础。

Machine ethics is a new research field studying the ethical issues brought about by intelligent machines.These disputes of machine ethics can be roughly divided into two aspects:First,should AMAs have the ability to make ethical judgments?Second,how to design AMAs?Controversies arise from people’s different understandings of the moral roles,moral responsibilities,and moral abilities of AI agents.BAMAs can be an effective solution to the disputes in machine ethics.The BAMAs solution fully considers the limiting factors of moral action,opening up a practical way between opposing and supporting AMAs.