解构与建构:恩格斯哲学的现实基础与前提批判

Deconstruction and Construction:The Realistic Bases and Premise Critique of Engels’Philosophy

恩格斯立足历史唯物主义立场,不仅根据最新科学研究成果、自然与社会的有机联系两个前提,解构机械自然观,描绘有机辩证的世界图景;而且通过追溯"现实的人"及其实践活动这一根本前提同马克思一道发现历史发展的基本规律,解构唯心主义和旧唯物主义历史观,确立并阐发唯物史观。他还从劳动发展史的现实基础出发追问形而上学等意识形态形成的原因,解构单纯抽象概念化的哲学思维,在有机论、整体论和感性活动论下阐明唯物辩证法的解释原则。因此,深入研究恩格斯哲学的现实基础和前提批判,既有助于彰显其理论旨趣,又为新时代弘扬科学精神与工匠精神提供实践哲学和实践人学的思想基础。

Based on historical materialism,Engels,according to the latest scientific researches and the organic connections between nature and society,depicted an organic and dialectical picture of the world.Moreover,by tracing back to the premise of“realistic people”and the people’s real activities,Engels found the basic law of historical development with Marx.Then he deconstructed idealism and old materialism,established and explicated historical materialism.From the realistic basis of labor development history,he also inquired into the causes of the formation of metaphysics and other ideologies,deconstructed the abstracted and conceptualized philosophical thought,then expounded the interpretation principles of materialist dialectics under the organism,holism,and theory of perceptual activity.Therefore,in-depth studying of the realistic bases and premise critique of Engels’philosophy not only helps us to highlight the theoretical purport of Marxism,but also provides the ideological bases of practical philosophy and practical humanism for carrying forward the scientific spirit and craftsman spirit in the new era.