胆管替代物研究进展

Review of Research Progress in Biliary Substitutes

胆管替代物的研发是现代胆道外科不可或缺的组成部分,是恢复胆道系统正常功能的途径,具有重大的临床意义。胆管替代物植入体内后,导致移植部位出现的胆道堵塞或狭窄是人工胆管研究中最迫切需要解决的问题,其根本原因是胆道替代物慢性炎性刺激导致的组织增生,促进移植部位新生胆管组织的形成可解决这一问题。本文通过总结国内外的文献,对非降解型人工胆管、降解型人工胆管,以及组织工程化人工胆管的研究与开发进行综述,以期为胆道替代物的进一步发展提供参考。未来的研究应重点关注如何快速在组织工程化人工胆管壁形成胆道上皮层、促进新生胆道组织形成、调控人工胆管降解性能和力学性能等几个方面,从根本上解决人工胆管研究中面临的问题,推进人工胆管研发的进程。

Research and development of artificial biliary substitutes is an indispensable part of modern biliary surgery,bearing great clinical significance on the recovery of the normal functions of the biliary system.The implantation of artificial biliary substitutes may cause the blockage or stenosis of the biliary duct at the transplantation site,which is the most urgent problem in the research of artificial biliary substitutes.The fundamental cause of the problem is tissue hyperplasia caused by chronic inflammatory stimulation of artificial biliary substitutes.The regeneration of new bile duct tissue at the transplantation site can provide a solution to this problem.By looking at the literature from China and abroad,this paper reviewed the research and development of non-degradable artificial bile duct,degradable artificial bile duct and tissue-engineered artificial bile duct in order to provide reference for the further development of biliary replacements.Future studies should focus on the rapid formation of biliary epithelial layer on the tissue-engineered artificial biliary wall,the promotion of new biliary tissue formation,and the regulation of the degradation performance and mechanical properties of artificial biliary duct in order to fundamentally solve the problems encountered in the research of artificial biliary substitutes and accelerate the development of artificial biliary duct.