XG血型抗原研究进展

Research progress of XG blood group antigen

XG抗原是Mann在1962年发现于1例白血病患者,1994年由国际输血协会(ISBT)确认和命名为红细胞系统抗原,抗原的系统命名是XG,系统编号012,2020年确认这个系统有2个抗原。目前XG抗原国内报道不多,本文参阅了近年来国内外对XG抗原的研究报道,在抗原的基因、各外显子编码序列,以及抗原的分子生物学构造、功能和抗原的免疫学反应格局及抗原的分布频率等方面做一简要综述。

XG blood group antigen is an erythrocyte antigen with special genetic significance.The genes of XG blood group antigen are two closely linked and independent genes.This paper introduces the detailed information of gene exon sequence,length and coding of each coding segment,coding translation product sequence and so on.The hereditary characteristics of antigen genes on X and Y chromosomes are briefly described in detail.XG blood group antigen gene is a unique gene.The in-depth study of this gene has overturned the Leon theory of genetics in the past and has important genetic significance.XG2 antigen is a membrane differentiation antigen CD99,which participates in the erythrocyte immune mechanism and is one of the markers of cancer,and has important clinical significance.XG antigen generally does not cause transfusion hemolytic reaction and neonatal hemolytic disease,but it can interfere with clinical blood transfusion test and cause confusion of blood transfusion.