60个小粒花生育成品种农艺、产量及品质性状综合鉴定与评价

Comprehensive Evaluation on Agronomic, Yield and Quality Traits of 60 Small-Seed Peanut Cultivars

为深入了解小粒花生育成品种的性状遗传差异及综合表现,筛选出最优评价指标,本试验以60个小粒花生育成品种为材料,通过变异系数、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析和多元回归分析方法对其农艺、产量及品质共18个性状进行遗传差异分析与综合评价。结果表明:18个性状的变异系数范围为4.33%~59.24%,亚油酸、棕榈酸及单株饱果数等性状变异丰富,出仁率、粗脂肪与粗蛋白含量等性状较为稳定。聚类分析把60个小粒花生育成品种分为五类,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类分别占参试品种的30.0%、10.0%、15.0%、15.0%和30.0%。相关性分析表明,荚果产量与单株生产力、百果重和百仁重呈极显著正相关,与总分枝数呈极显著负相关;粗脂肪与油酸含量呈极显著正相关,与棕榈酸含量呈极显著负相关,油酸与棕榈酸含量呈极显著负相关。主成分分析把18个性状归为6个主成分,累计贡献率达81.38%,其中油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸含量调控因子的贡献率最高。主成分综合得分排序表明,商花228综合得分最高,漯花25号综合得分最低。逐步回归分析筛选的主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数、单株饱果数、单株生产力、百仁重、荚果产量、油酸和赖氨酸含量这9个性状,共同决定了综合得分99.07%的变异,可作为小粒花生品种综合表现的评价指标。

In order to select the optimal indexes for constructing a comprehensive evaluation system of small-seed peanut cultivars, the genetic differences in 18 agronomic, yield and quality characters of 60 small-seed peanut cultivars were analyzed by variation coefficient, cluster, principal component and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that the variation coefficients of the 18 characters ranged from 4.33% to 59.24%, and the traits of linoleic acid content, palmitic acid content and mature pod number per plant varied significantly, while the traits such as seed percentage, crude fat content and crude protein content were stable. The 60 small-seed peanut cultivars were divided into 5 groups by cluster analysis, which accounted for 30.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 15.0% and 30.0% of the total tested cultivars, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that extremely significantly positive correlations were found between pod yield and productivity per plant, hundred-pod weight and hundred-kernel weight, while extremely significantly negative correlations were found between total branch number and them. The crude fat content was extremely significantly positive correlated with oleic acid content, and had extremely significantly negative correlation with palmitic acid content. The oleic acid content was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the palmitic acid content. The 18 traits were classified into six principal components by principal component analysis, and their cumulative contribution rate reached to 81.38%, in which, the contribution rate of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid content regulating factor was the highest. The order of comprehensive scores of principal components revealed that Shanghua 228 achieved the highest scores, and Luohua 25 achieved the lowest. Nine traits were screened out by stepwise regression analysis including main stem height, side branch length, fruit-bearing branch number, mature pod number per plant, productivity per plant, hundred-kernel weight, pod yield, oleic acid content and palmitic acid content, and their cumulative contribution rate reached to 99.07%, so they could be used as the indexes for comprehensive evaluation of small-seed peanut cultivars.