明长城墙体空间形态及微观病害高精度测绘研究

High-precision mapping study of spatial morphology and micro-diseases of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty

超大型文化遗产的空间形态获取和海量微观病害信息采集,是文化遗产保护工作的关键问题之一。明长城以其超大体量和尺度著称于世,使之保护工作面临严峻挑战。研究将无人机低空摄影测量技术应用于明长城墙体空间形态和病害信息采集,建立了无人机获取长城墙体多维信息的实现路径,并对难点问题进行了分析解决。基于该方法可获得长城墙体的高精度空间形态和微观病害图像信息,理论精度约2 mm,实测可控精度小于1 cm,能满足后续长城军事防御体系动态模拟、病害智能识别、虚拟漫游展示等多项工作的基础需求。

The spatial form acquisition and massive micro disease information collection of super large cultural heritage were one of the key problems in the protection of cultural heritage.The Ming Great Wall was famous for its large volume and scale,which made its protection face severe challenges.The UAV low altitude photogrammetry technology was applied to the spatial form and disease information collection of Ming Great Wall.The UAV established to obtain the multi-dimensional spatial form and micro disease image information of the wall of the Great Wall,the theoretical longitude was about 2mm and the measured controllable accuracy was less than 1cm,which could meet the basic requirements of the dynamic simulation of future military defense system of the Great Wall,the disease intelligent identification,virtual roaming display and other work.