国内遗产活化的研究进展与评述

Research progress and review of heritage activation in China

以CNKI数据库中2002—2020年10月遗产活化相关论文为数据源,运用CiteSpace可视化分析软件,并结合常规统计方法和文献定性分析方法对遗产活化研究进展进行分析。结果表明,①研究分为初级阶段(2002—2005年),深入阶段(2006—2010年)和活跃阶段(2011年后)。②生产性保护、传统村落、乡村振兴等是近年来遗产活化研究的热点;关键词突现最高的是活态文化,持续时间最长的是非物质文化遗产,出现时间最晚的是传统村落和数字化。③政府和企业是强势利益相关者,传承群体和当地居民是弱势利益相关者。学者主要选择非物质文化遗产、古遗址及传统村落、农业文化遗产、工业文化遗产和线性文化遗产为活化对象,并采用还原传承式活化、旅游产业活化、高品质特色产品活化和数字化活化等活化方式。未来的遗产活化研究应在强调多学科领域引入、交叉与融合的基础上,注重遗产活化利益相关者的交互关系、地理空间尺度上的多案例对比研究及开展遗产活化的时空动态监测与可持续维持机制研究,关注活化效率。

Based on the CNKI database of papers related to heritage activation from 2002 to October 2020,using CiteSpace visual analysis software,combined with conventional statistical methods and qualitative analysis methods of literature,the research progress of heritage activation was analyzed.The results showed that,first,the research was divided into primary stage(2002—2005),in-depth stage(2006—2010)and active stage(after 2011).Second,productive protection,traditional villages and rural revitalization were the hot spots of heritage activation research in recent years;The most prominent keyword was living culture,the longest lasting was intangible cultural heritage,and the latest was traditional villages and digitization.Third,the government and enterprises were strong stakeholders,inheritance groups and local residents were weak stakeholders.Scholars mainly chose intangible cultural heritage,ancient sites and traditional villages,agricultural cultural heritage,industrial cultural heritage and linear cultural heritage as the activation objects,and adopted such activation methods as restoration and inheritance activation,tourism industry activation,high-quality characteristic products activation and digital activation.Future research on heritage activation shouldemphasize the introduction,crossover and integration of multi-disciplinary fields,pay attention to the interaction between stakeholders of heritage activation,the comparative study of multiple cased on the geospatial scale,and the research on spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring and sustainable maintenance mechanism of heritage activation,and pay attention to the activation efficiency.