公安派出所消防监督职能的嬗变与完善对策研究

A Research on the Evolution and Improvement of Fire Supervision Function of Public Security Police Station

负责辖区内的消防监督工作是公安派出所的重要职责之一。通过对新中国成立以来涉及派出所消防监督职能的法律规范以及消防安全的制度脉络进行梳理发现,其消防监督职能在三个阶段的历史时期(1957-1963、1964-1998、1999-2021)具有不同的工作侧重点,且演化趋势呈现出"形成-削弱-发展成熟"的特征。结合基层派出所的现实工作情况,不难发现,在现有体制机制下公安派出所在消防监督方面还存在着资源配置不足、行政裁量权过小、监督职能分工不明、宣传教育缺失、绩效考核不完善、消防民警素质普遍低下等问题,应当以工作实践为导向,总结经验教训,从法律规范、行政处罚、绩效考核、责任分工、社区警务、宣传教育等方面提出未来公安派出所消防监督职能的完善对策。

Being responsible for the fire supervision work in the jurisdiction is one of the important duties of the police station.After combing through the laws and regulations concerning the fire supervision function of police stations since the founding of new China and the system context of fire safety,it is found that their fire supervision functions have different focuses of the work in the three stages of history(1957-1963,1964-1998,1999-2021),and its evolution trend presents the characteristics of"formation-weakening-development and maturity".Combining work practice,we have also found that there are such problems as insufficient resource allocation,small administrative discretion,unclear supervision functions,lack of publicity and education,imperfect performance appraisal,and generally low quality in the fire supervision of the police station under the existing system and mechanism.Guided by work practice,this article sums up experience and lessons,and proposes the future development trend of the police station’s fire supervision function from four aspects:legal norms,administrative rights,community policing,and publicity and education.