涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚的群落结构特征分析

Studies on scleractinian coral community structure characteristics in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island

采用2019年5月14−22日开展的断面法调查数据,分析了涠洲岛西南部海域的造礁石珊瑚群落结构特征。结果表明:涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚共有9科38种,优势种为滨珊瑚(Porites sp.)、秘密角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites abdita)、斯氏角孔珊瑚(Goniopora stutchburyi)等团块状珊瑚。活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率为5.20%~31.20%,平均值为16.66%,远离海岸或靠近海岸但水较深的站位覆盖率较高。石珊瑚补充量较低、病害少、死亡率较低。造礁石珊瑚群落的物种多样性、优势度、均匀度互相呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05)。靠近岩壁的站位,水较深且船舶通行和游客潜水等影响较少,活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率和多样性程度均较高。受侵蚀海岸悬浮泥沙和潜水旅游影响较大的砂质岸段站位,活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率最低、优势种的优势度最高、多样性程度相对较低。人为活动、西南季风、风暴潮、海岸侵蚀悬沙、极端气候是影响涠洲岛西南部海域造礁石珊瑚礁生态系统的主要因素。

The community structure of scleractinian corals in the southwest seawaters the of the Weizhou Island was analyzed with the data collected in a survey conducted with the method of line intercept transect from May 14 to 22,2019.The results showed that 38 species of scleractinian corals in 9 families were found,dominated by mass corals such as porites sp.,favites abdita,goniopora stutchburyi etc.The coverage of the living scleractinian corals ranged from 5.20%to 31.20%,the average coverage were 16.66%,higher at the sites far from or close to the shore but with deeper water.The living scleractinian coral had low recruitment rate,few diseases and low mortality rate.Species diversity,dominance and evenness of the scleractinian coral communities were positively correlated one another(p<0.05).The coverage and biodiversity of the living scleractinian corals were higher at the sites where anthropogenic disturbance was less,i.e.closer to the cliff,deeper water,fewer boating and diving etc.The living scleractinian corals closer to sandy beach influenced severely by suspended sediment on eroded coast and diving had the lowest coverage,the highest dominance of the dominant species and relatively lower diversity.Human activities,southwest monsoon,storm surge,suspended sediment on eroded coast and extreme weather are the main influential factors on the coral reef ecosystem in the southwest seawaters of the Weizhou Island.