动态挤压对现场混装乳化炸药稳定性的影响

Influence of Dynamic Extrusion on Stability of Field Mixed Emulsion Explosive

为确保现场混装乳化炸药使用安全,通过动态挤压模拟炸药泵送装药过程,利用激光粒度分析、显微镜观察、水溶法硝酸铵析出量测试和粘度测试,对不同转速下制备的现场混装乳化炸药及其基质受多次动态挤压后的稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明:当制备粒径大于5μm时,乳胶基质受动态挤压后发生不同程度的析晶失稳,600 r·min^(-1)制备的乳胶基质受压10次后,硝酸铵析出量为受压前的5.14倍,粘度增大43%,油包水结构已经完全破坏;当制备粒径小于5μm时,乳胶基质抗动态挤压能力提升,1400 r·min^(-1)制备的乳胶基质受压10次后,粒径增大2.16倍,硝酸铵析出量仅为受压前的2.14倍,粘度增大10%,微观结构保持稳定。动态挤压过程会加速乳胶基质析晶失稳与理化性质的改变,降低乳化炸药性能且不利于进行装填等工序,在生产实践中,需合理控制乳胶基质的制备粒径D≤5μm。

In order to ensure the safety of field mixed emulsion explosive,dynamic extrusion was used to simulate the charging process of explosive.The stability of field mixed emulsion explosive prepared at different rotating speed was studied by laser par⁃ticle sizer,microscope,water⁃soluble ammonium nitrate precipitation test and digital viscometer.The experimental results show that crystallization instability in the emulsion matrix will occur in some extent under dynamic extrusion when the particle size is larger than 5μm.After 10 times of dynamic extrusion,the amount of ammonium nitrate released from the emulsion matrix is 5.14 times of that before extrusion,the viscosity increases by 43%,and the W/O structure has been completely destroyed.When the particle size is smaller than 5μm,the dynamic extrusion resistance of emulsion matrix is improved,after 10 times of dynam⁃ic extrusion,the particle size of emulsion matrix increased by 2.16 times,the amount of ammonium nitrate released from the emulsion matrix is only 2.14 times of that before compression,the viscosity increased by 10%,and the microstructure remained stable.The dynamic extrusion process will accelerate the crystallization instability of matrix,change the physicochemical proper⁃ties,reduce the performance of emulsion explosive,and is not conducive to the loading process.In production practice,it is necessary to reasonably control the particle size D≤5μm.