TNB/1,4⁃DNI共晶炸药的制备与表征

Preparation and Characterization of a TNB/1,4⁃DNI Cocrystal Explosive

采用溶剂挥发法制备获得1,3,5⁃三硝基苯/1,4⁃二硝基咪唑(TNB/1,4⁃DNI)共晶炸药,通过单晶X射线衍射表征共晶结构,其晶体属于正交晶系,P2_(1)2_(1)2_(1)空间群,晶胞参数:a=6.4068(5)Å,b=10.4569(8)Å,c=20.7164(17)Å,α=β=γ=90°,ρ=1.776 g·cm^(-3),Z=4。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析其热性能,结果表明其熔点为84.4℃,明显低于单组份TNB(123.5℃)和1,4⁃DNI(91℃)的熔点,且TNB/1,4⁃DNI共晶炸药经熔融冷却能够重新形成纯共晶炸药。采用经验氮当量法计算得到TNB/1,4⁃DNI共晶炸药的爆速为7704 m·s^(-1),爆压为26.08 GPa,明显优于常用熔铸炸药TNT的爆轰性能。因此,TNB/1,4⁃DNI共晶炸药可作为一种新型熔铸炸药。

A 1,3,5⁃trinitrobenzene/1,4⁃dinitroimidazole(TNB/1,4⁃DNI)cocrystal explosive was prepared by solvent evapora⁃tion.The crystal structure was characterized by single crystal X⁃ray diffraction analysis.Results shows that the cocrystal crystalliz⁃es in the orthorhombic space group P2_(1)2_(1)2_(1) with crystal parameters of a=6.4068(5)Å,b=10.4569(8)Å,c=20.7164(17)Å,α=β=γ=90°,ρ=1.776 g·cm^(-3),Z=4.The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)was used to analyze the thermal proper⁃ties of the TNB/1,4⁃DNI cocrystal explosive.The melting point is 84.4℃,which is significantly lower than that of both TNB(123.5℃)and 1,4⁃DNI(91℃).The TNB/1,4⁃DNI cocrystal explosive can be re⁃formed into pure cocrystal explosive after melting and cooling.The detonation velocity and pressure of TNB/1,4⁃DNI cocrystal explosive were also calculated to be 7704 m·s^(-1)and 26.08 GPa by the empirical nitrogen equivalent equations,which are significantly higher than those of the com⁃monly used melt⁃cast explosive TNT.Therefore,TNB/1,4⁃DNI cocrystal explosive could be used as a new type of melt⁃cast ex⁃plosive.