非洲磷矿资源格局与开发现状

Overview and Development Status of Phosphate Ore Resources in Africa

磷是生物体所必需的营养元素,因其不可替代性及未来迅速枯竭性,被中、德、日、英等国相继列入战略性矿产资源清单。全球磷矿石资源丰富,但是分布极不均衡,70%以上集中在非洲,著名的磷矿资源国有摩洛哥及西撒哈拉地区,阿尔及利亚、南非、埃及、突尼斯、塞内加尔、多哥等国磷矿储量也较为丰富,非洲可谓是全球磷矿储量的绝对担当。矿床类型主要有沉积型、岩浆型和鸟粪型,以沉积型为主,同时具有储量大、品位高、伴生有其他具有经济价值元素等特点。近年来,非洲已成为全球重要磷矿产地与供应地,目前,在非洲从事磷矿勘查开发的矿业公司以本土矿业公司为主,摩洛哥磷酸盐集团是全球上最大的磷酸盐生产和出口商。非洲磷矿石主要出口大国为摩洛哥、埃及、多哥、阿尔及利亚等;出口至印度、印度尼西、墨西哥、巴西等国家。未来,非洲仍将为全球主要磷矿供应地之一,并将扮演更加重要的角色。

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient element for living organisms.Because of its irreplaceability and rapid depletion in the future,phosphorus has been listed in the list of strategic mineral resources in China,Germany,Japan,Britain,the United States and other nations.The world is rich in phosphate mineral resources,but their distribution is very uneven,more than 70%concentrated in Africa.Well-known countries with abundant phosphate mineral resources include Morocco and western Sahara region,Algeria,South Africa,Egypt,Tunisia,Senegal,Togo and other countries.Africa can be said to be the absolute responsibility of the world phosphate mineral reserves.The deposits in this continent are mainly of sedimentary,magmatic and guano types,with the characteristics of large reserves,high grade and associated with other elements of economic values.In recent years,Africa has become an important source and supplier of phosphate rocks in the world.At present,the mining companies engaged in exploration and development of phosphate rock in Africa are dominated by local mining companies.For example,Morocco Phosphate Group is the largest phosphate producer and exporter in the world.Morocco,Egypt,Togo,Algeria and so on are the main export countries of African phosphate ores,exporting to India,India,Mexico,Brazil and other countries.In the future,Africa will continue to be one of the world's major suppliers of phosphate ores and will play a more important role.