“人体”与“猴体”解剖关系视域中的社会形态学说

The Theory of Social Form from the Anatomical Perspective of the Relationship between“Human Body”and“Monkey Body”

系统梳理马克思有关"社会"概念的认知历程,深度解读《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》和《〈政治经济学批判第一分册〉序言》的文本语境,确证亚细亚的、古代的和封建的(日耳曼)三种社会类型实系整体意义上的前资本主义社会而与私人所有和雇佣劳动为本体的资本社会相对应,并非各自有别且渐次嬗演的三种独立自存的社会形态,更非"五种社会形态说"考古学意义上的历史诠释。其理绪与目的是以资本社会的结构化样态为参照系,在回溯性地指认其生成的历史必然性的同时,指明其被共产主义社会所替代的科学合理性。

This paper systematically reviews Marx’s cognitive process of the concept of“society”,deeply interprets the text context of Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858 and Preface of The Critique of Political Economics,and confirms that the three social types of Asia,ancient and feudal(Germanic)are pre-capitalist society in the overall sense,and corresponds to the capital society with private ownership and employed labor as its noumenon.These three kinds of social types are not three independent ones which are different from each other and gradually evolved,and not even the historical interpretation of the“five social forms”in the archaeological sense.The purpose of the paper is to confirm the historical inevitability of the formation of these three social forms by referring to the structural state of the capital society,and at the same time,they are more scientific and reasonable to be replaced by the Communist society.