我国土地征收补偿条款的规范变迁及功能转向

Normative Change and Functional Turn of Land Expropriation Compensation Clause in China

土地征收补偿条款的第一次功能转向的目的是要破除财产权价值与财产利用方式之间的关联,但此次转向并不彻底。为了弥补第一次功能转向的不足,民法典时代土地征收补偿条款的功能出现了第二次转向--去除了以年产值作为征收补偿标准的规定,并将保障被征收人的生活作为征收补偿的基本目的。这种对被征收人居住条件与生活状态的考虑,已经超出了价值保障的范畴,形成了征收补偿条款的第三种功能--生活保障功能。生活保障功能要求国家积极履行社会责任,被征收人也因此能够获得被征收的财产权价值以外的社会保障。两次功能转向后的土地征收补偿条款仍然存在进一步改进的可能性。因此,应当继续关注土地征收主要矛盾,更大程度保障财产权的存续。

The purpose of the first functional change of the land expropriation compensation clause is to break the relationship between the value of property rights and the mode of property use,but this change is not complete.In order to make up for the deficiency of the first functional change,the function of land expropriation compensation clause has changed for the second time in the era of Civil Code.The compensation standard based on the annual output value has been removed.Also the basic purpose of expropriation compensation which is to protect the life of the expropriated has been established.The protection of the living conditions of the expropriated has been beyond the scope of value guarantee and forms the living security function of the levy compensation clause.According to the requirements of living guaranteeing function,the state should actively fulfill its social responsibility.Therefore,the expropriated people can ask the state to provide the protection of the life function that the property right originally undertakes in addition to the value protection of the expropriated property.On the basis of two functional changes,there is still room for further improvement of the expropriation compensation clause.It’s necessary to reopen the attention to the main contradiction of expropriation,which is to ensure the existence of property rights to a greater extent.