基于SSR分子标记的草果栽培起源分析

Analysis of Cultivation Origin of Amomum tsaoko Based on SSR Marker

为探索草果(Amomum tsaoko)的遗传多样性和栽培起源,对草果和拟草果(A.paratsaoko)在8个SSR位点上的遗传变异进行了分析。结果表明,8个SSR位点在20个草果居群和5个拟草果居群分别检测到149和101个等位基因,特有等位基因分别为44和59个。方差分析(AMOVA)表明,仅10.43%的遗传变异存在于2物种间,8.66%于种内居群间,80.91%于居群内(P<0.01)。拟草果居群总的遗传分化程度较大(0.15≤Fst≤0.25),草果的为中度(0.05≤Fst≤0.15)。SMM模式下2物种的遗传分化均加大(Fst<Pst)。因此,草果和拟草果共享祖先的遗传多样性,可能通过随机遗传漂变完成谱系分选后基因突变的积累形成了现有遗传分化模式;围绕大围山的马关、屏边地区可能是草果栽培起源地理中心。

In order to explore the genetic diversity and geographical origin of Amomum tsaoko, the genetic variation of A. tsaoko and A. paratsaoko in 8 SSR loci was studied. The results showed that there was 149 and 101 alleles were detected at 8 SSR loci from 20 populations of A. tsaoko and 5 populations of A. paratsaoko respectively, among which 44, 59 were unique alleles. Variance analysis(AMOVA) showed that only 10.43% of genetic variation existed between two species, 8.66% between populations, and 80.91% within populations(P < 0.01). The total genetic differentiation of A. tsaoko was moderate(0.05≤ Fst≤ 0.15), and A. paratsaoko was high(0.15≤ Fst≤ 0.25). The genetic differentiation of the two species increased under SMM model(Fst< Pst).Therefore, the genetic diversity of two species shared the same ancestry, and it was possible that the existing genetic differentiation pattern had been formed by the accumulation of mutations after lineage sorting through random genetic drift. So, Maguan and Pingbian areas around Dawei Mountain might be the geographical origin center of A. tsaoko cultivation.