德国高等教育国际化之路的得与失

Gains and Losses on the Road of Internationalization of German Higher Education

德国多年来一直是中国高等教育合作交流的重要对象,高等教育国际化发展非常具有代表性,近代以来德国高等教育发展迅猛,所取得的成就被全球所关注,成为世界第四大国际学生接收国。但在发展中也存在不足,一是当前德国高等教育系统不断膨胀,导致一系列内部管理问题的出现;二是德国大学国际语言课程授课语种单一,影响招生的吸引力,这成为其进一步发展的制约因素。国内在该领域的研究也不断攀升,宏观、中观和微观各层面都有涉及,以“全球-国家-地方”理论为分析框架,通过文件分析法,从国际层面、国家层面和大学层面,分析说明德国高等教育国际化的行动路径对我国高等教育发展有一定借鉴意义。

Germany has been an important object of China’s higher education cooperation and exchange for many years.The international development of higher education is very representative and characteristic.It has developed rapidly since modern times.Its achievements have attracted global attention and has become the fourth largest receiving country for international students in the world.However,there are also deficiencies in the development.First,the current expansion of German higher education system leads to a series of internal management problems;Second,the single teaching language of the international language course of German universities and the attraction of enrollment have become the restrictive factors for its further development.Domestic research in this field is also rising,involving macro,meso and micro levels.Taking the“global national local”theory as the analysis framework and through the document analysis method,this paper analyzes and explains the action path of the internationalization of German Higher Education from the international level,national level and university level,which has a certain reference significance for the development of higher education in China.