追逃类案件缺席审判的法理定位与制度检视

Research on the Phenomenon of“Less Application”in the Trial in Absentia of Retrieving Fugitives

缺席审判为“执行引渡”提供依据但不具有直接追逃功能,仅为“执行引渡”的先行环节。在境外追逃措施体系中,“执行引渡”具有“最后手段”定位的特质,这是导致缺席审判“适用少”的根本原因,缺席审判“适用少”应属常态。结合被追诉人身处境外的事实,缺席审判面临条约前置主义、文书送达难等客观障碍,也存在立法局部僵硬、粗疏等问题,这进一步限制了程序适用。为促进缺席审判“少而精”的适用,建议从其后端入手,拓展引渡合作国际空间,扩张缺席审判生命力;从其本体入手,选择适合缺席审判的案件,优化细化部分条文,尝试运用在线审判方式;从其前端入手,明确缺席案件的审前程序,为审判的开启做好准备。

The trial in absentia provides the basis for“extradition”,but does not have the function of retrieving fugitives directly.It is only the first step of“extradition.”In the system of measures for overseas retrieving fugitives,“extradition”is characterized by the“last resort,”which is the fundamental reason for the“less application”of the trial in absentia that will become a normal state.The fact that the fugitive is abroad taken into account,the operation of trial in absentia is faced with the objective obstacles of treaty preposition and document service,and the problems of stiffness and roughness partly caused by legislation,which further restricts the application of such trials.In order to promote the“less yet better”application of the trial in absentia,this thesis suggests that we start from its back end by expanding the international space of extradition cooperation in order to promote the vitality of the trial in absentia.Starting from its ontology,we can select cases suitable for this kind of trials,optimize and refine some provisions,and make efforts to try online.Starting from its front end,we should nail down the pre-trial procedures of such cases so as to make preparations for the opening of the trial in absentia.