数字经济对中国全要素生产率的影响机理:提升效应还是抑制效果?

The Impact Mechanism of the Digital Economy on China s Total Factor Productivity:An Uplifting Effect or a Restraining Effect?

数字经济是新时代引领中国经济高质量发展的关键抓手。然而现阶段数字经济普惠性发展尚未实现,掣肘着其对国内全要素生产率的提升力度。文章在理论分析的基础上,基于熵权TOPSIS法测算了2012-2018年中国数字经济发展水平指数,探讨了中国数字经济对全要素生产率的影响机理。研究发现:数字经济的发展显著提升了中国全要素生产率水平,但区域层面上,东部地区的数字经济发展明显领先于中西部地区,引领着中国全要素生产率快速增长。从全要素生产率的分解指标来看,数字经济推动了技术效率提升,但现阶段国内关键核心技术环节薄弱以及数字产业化带来的人才和资金的虹吸效应导致数字经济对技术进步产生了阻碍作用。此外,当前数字经济对不同产业的渗透度存在明显的不均衡性,筑高了创新资源的流动壁垒,影响产业间协调创新及合理化布局,进而抑制了对全要素生产率的提升力度。进一步的机制检验表明在创新环境的支持下,人才集聚及金融规模强化了数字经济对全要素生产率的提升力度。

The digital economy is the inherent force to lead the high-quality development of China s economy in the new era.However,the fundamental parts of the digital economy in China are still fragile,with the remaining situation that the high-end industries are far from strong and the degree of integration with substantial industries is inadequate,despite it has exhibited strong developing momentum and large industrial scale.This obviously deviates from China's strategic goal of using digital economy to drive total factor productivity,which in turn brings new pressures and challenges to the digital economy in the process of empowering economic development.Therefore,in China`s new stage of promoting high-quality economic development,there is an urgent need to clarify the actual effect and impact mechanism of the rapid development of the digital economy on total factor productivity,and to analyze the internal mechanism of the influence process in depth.By further anatomizing the positive and negative effects generated by the digital economy at different levels,the current study aims to provide a possible path for how the digital economy can better drive China s total factor productivity.Starting from the theoretical analysis,the current study calculates China s digital economy development level index from 2012 to 2018 by entropy-weighting TOPSIS method,and elucidates the impact mechanism of China s digital economy on total factor productivity.The results showed that the development of the digital economy has significantly improved China s total factor productivity,but with distinct regional differences:eastern China has clearly outpaced the central and western regions in digital economy s development,dominating the rapid growth of China's total factor productivity.Examining the decomposition index of total factor productivity indicates that,however,due to the inadequate key core technology and the siphoning effect towards talents and funds brought by digital industrialization,digital economy has hindered technological progress despite its promoting effect towards technical efficiency.In addition,the development of digital economy thus far is obviously imbalanced in different industries,building up barriers to the flow of innovative resources and affecting coordinated innovation and rationalization among industries,which inhibits the growth of total factor productivity.Further testing of the mechanism shows that within an environment supporting innovation,the aggregation of talents and the scaling of financial resources have strengthened the digital economy's effects in improving total factor productivity.This study provides enlightenment to policies:1)differentiated digital economy development strategy should be adopted accordingto the actuality in each region;2)the Chinese government should compose and implant guidance to the rational development of digital economy,accelerate the integration of digital industrialization and industrial digitization,and thus achieve breakthroughs in the core technology of the digital economy;3)policy and institutional innovation should be strengthened to reconstruct the ecosystem for the digital economy to evolve.