微藻类胡萝卜素合成与代谢调控研究进展

Research Progress on Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation in Microalgae

能源消耗与环境污染使得微藻生物柴油生产成为研究焦点。通过同时提取类胡萝卜素和油脂,对微藻进行综合利用,可以有效降低微藻生物柴油生产成本。类胡萝卜素是一类重要的活性物质,但是,目前对于微藻类胡萝卜素的合成和代谢调控还缺乏了解。为了更好地理解和操纵微藻类胡萝卜素代谢以增强类胡萝卜素积累,本文综述了微藻类胡萝卜素合成与代谢调控的研究进展,包括类胡萝卜素生物合成途径,提高类胡萝卜素积累的生化调控方式、诱变方式和基因工程方式,阐述环境因素对类胡萝卜素积累的影响,总结了增强类胡萝卜素合成途径关键酶基因的表达、增强调控类胡萝卜素合成途径的转录因子基因的表达等基因工程策略,同时也对微藻类胡萝卜素代谢研究的发展进行了展望。

Energy consumption and environmental pollution made biodiesel production from microalgae a hot spot.Comprehensive utilization of microalgae by simultaneously extracting carotenoid and oil,can effectively reduce the production cost of microalgae biodiesel.Although carotenoids are important active substances,little has been known about carotenoid biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation in microalgae so far.In order to better understand and manipulate carotenoid metabolism for enhancement of carotenoid production in microalgae,presented an overview of research advances on carotenoid biosynthesis and its metabolic regulation in microalgae were presented,including carotenoid biosynthesis pathway,strategies for improving carotenoid accumulation(biochemical regulation,mutagenesis and genetic engineering strategy).Effects of environmental factors on carotenoid accumulation were illustrated.Two genetic engineering strategies were summarized,including enhancement of expression of key enzyme genes in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway,enhancement of expression of transcription factor genes related to regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.The prospect of research on carotenoid metabolism was also discussed in microalgae.