选区激光熔化铝合金制备研究现状

Research status of selective laser melting aluminum alloys

选区激光熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)技术因具有可定制化、加工周期短及精度高等特点,在工业生产中得到广泛应用。本文对选区激光熔化技术及其在铝合金及铝基复合材料制备的研究现状进行了综合性论述。通过论述选区激光熔化特性引出选区激光熔化打印铝合金的优势。介绍了适用于选区激光熔化技术的铸造Al‒Si系合金,结合扫描策略和工艺参数优化,探究了选区激光熔化铝硅合金的微观结构、相组成和力学性能变化规律。讨论了选区激光熔化微/纳米陶瓷强化铝基复合材料的研究现状,分析与总结了添加强化颗粒对组织结构、相对密度、润湿性及相应力学性能的强化机理。总结了工业界与学术界关注的新型高强度铝合金材料的开发及其选区激光熔化的制备,重点论述了新型铝合金的固溶强化和析出相强化机理,并分析了对相对密度和力学性能的影响因素。最后对选区激光熔化铝合金发展趋势及现阶段存在的问题进行了展望。

Selective laser melting(SLM)technology has been widely applied in the industry due to its customization,short manufacturing cycle,and high precision.The research progress of aluminum alloys and composites prepared by SLM was systematically reviewed.The advantage of SLM aluminum alloys was introduced though the SLM characterization.The research of SLM casting Al‒Si series alloys was discussed,and the microstructure,phase composition,and mechanical properties was revolved,combining with the scanning strategy and laser parameter optimization.Meanwhile,the investigation of SLM nano/micro reinforced aluminum alloys was also present,the particle reinforcement mechanism on the microstructure,relative density,wettability,and mechanical properties was analyzed.On the other hand,the research progress of new high strength aluminum alloys prepared by SLM was also discussed,the strengthening mechanism,relative density,and mechanical properties were emphasized.Finally,the development trend of SLM aluminum alloys and the current problems were prospected.