渔塭养殖池是保护冬季水鸟物种多样性的重要区域

Aquaculture Ponds-Important Areas to Protect Species Diversity of Waterbirds in Winter

为探讨渔塭养殖池(一种利用潮汐进行人工水产养殖)是否有利于水鸟物种多样性的保护,于2016年至2020年的冬季,在调查了广东海丰国际重要湿地的水鸟、湿地资源、渔塭养殖等的基础上,利用物种丰富度格局预测方法(GAP)对海丰湿地的越冬水鸟丰富度空间格局进行了评估,探讨了渔塭养殖池对越冬水鸟物种多样性的保护机制。结果表明:共调查记录到水鸟有6目11科52种;联安围湿地和大湖湿地的水鸟物种丰富度渔塭养殖池的高于其他类型湿地的;公平水库湿地非渔塭养殖场(人工养殖场)的水鸟物种丰富度高于水库区域。说明了人工养殖场,特别是渔塭养殖场在维持水鸟物种多样性具有重要地位。针对不同类群水鸟的栖息地要求,提出了对渔塭进行适当管理,以增加栖息地的可用面积;实施生态保护补偿机制,提升渔塭养殖户的水鸟保护积极性;建立健全的市场激励机制,鼓励渔塭养殖户保持现有养殖模式等水鸟保护建议。以供参考。

Although coastal aquaculture ponds are generally considered to be an important factor in the threat and destruction of coastal wetland ecosystems,aquaculture ponds are considered to be an adaptive management strategy for the conservation of waterbirds populations,which can help mitigate the impact of natural wetland loss on biodiversity.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aquaculture ponds(a model of artificial aquaculture using tides)are beneficial to the conservation of species diversity of waterbirds.Based on the investigation of waterbirds,wetland resources and aquaculture ponds in Haifeng Wetland,Guangdong Province,the spatial patterns of wintering waterbirds richness in Haifeng Wetland from 2016 to 2020 are evaluated,and the hot spots of diversity through spatial auto-correlation analysis are identified.This paper discusses the protection mechanism of wintering waterbirds species diversity in aquaculture ponds,and puts forward the protection strategies to help the protection of wintering waterbirds species diversity.The results were as follows:a total of 52 species,11 families and 6 orders were recorded.The species richness of waterbirds in Lian’an Wai wetland and Dahu wetland was higher than that in other types of wetlands.The species richness of waterbirds in aquaculture ponds was higher than that in the reservoir area.It shows that artificial farms,especially aquaculture ponds play an important role in maintaining the species richness.Suggestions for the protection of waterbirds:aquaculture ponds should be managed appropriately according to the habitat requirements of different groups of water birds to increase the available area of the habitat.Ecological protection compensation mechanism should be implemented to enhance the enthusiasm of waterbirds protection of aquaculture ponds farmers;A market incentive mechanism should be established to encourage aquaculture ponds farmers to maintain the current farming mode.