行为经济学视角下的“三农”政策有效性及改进方式

The Effectiveness and Improvement Mode of the Policy“Three Rural Issue”in China under the Behavioral Economic Perspectives

“三农”问题一直是政府工作的重中之重,而随着我国脱贫攻坚取得胜利,“三农”问题的核心也从“聚焦扶贫”转向“全面推进乡村振兴、加快农业农村现代化”。然而,“小农意识”导致农民群体存在非理性认知:现时偏见、禀赋效应、涉他偏好及沉没成本谬误。这些有限理性认知使得“三农”项目及政策的有效性在局部地区不及预期。本文尝试从行为经济学角度入手,通过经济学及心理学,思考农民群体非理性认知产生的原因,并结合行为经济学中的“助推”理论,对部分现有项目及政策进行改进,加强“三农”项目及政策的有效性。

The Three Rural Issues has been the top priority of the whole Country’s work.With victory in battle of ending extreme poverty in China,the core of the Three Rural Issues has shifted from“ending extreme poverty”to“comprehensive rural revitalization”.However,parochialism cause peasants’irrational behaviors,which damage effective of rural related policy and subsidy.These irrational behaviors include present bias,endowment effect,sunk cost fallacy,and other-regarding decision preference.In this paper,based on the behavioral economics,we will discuss why peasants have these irrational behaviors and how to“nudge”peasants to fix these irrational behaviors to increase effective of rural policy and subsidy.