无机固体吸附剂在二氧化碳捕集应用中的研究进展

Research progress of inorganic solid adsorbents in carbon dioxide capture

随着全球气候变暖,二氧化碳的捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)逐渐成为科学界和工业界的研究热点。CCUS的关键是选择性地从气体混合物中捕集二氧化碳。目前二氧化碳捕集技术包括化学吸收、膜分离、吸附和低温分离等。吸附法是利用吸附剂对不同气体的吸附能力差异来进行二氧化碳捕集。综述了分子筛、介孔二氧化硅、黏土及多孔碳等无机固体吸附剂在二氧化碳捕集应用中的研究进展。对比了不同改性方法对吸附剂吸附二氧化碳性能的影响。从应用角度来看,分子筛、介孔二氧化硅、黏土具有潜在的成本效益,但仍需在工程设计开发方面得以进一步发展,以适用于不同应用需求的二氧化碳捕集。

With global warming,carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of science and industry.The key of CCUS is to capture carbon dioxide from gas mixtures selectively.At present,carbon dioxide capture technology includes chemical absorption,membrane separation,adsorption and low temperature separation.The adsorption method uses the difference of adsorption capacity of adsorbent for different gases to remove carbon dioxide.The research progress of inorganic solid adsorbents such as zeolite,mesoporous silica,clay and porous carbon in carbon dioxide capture was reviewed.The effect of different modification methods on the adsorption properties of carbon dioxide of the adsorbent was compared.From the perspective of application,zeolite,mesoporous silica and clay had potential cost-effectiveness,but they should be further developed in engineering design and development to meet the carbon dioxide capture requirements of different applications.