奏报与应对:明嘉靖朝九边兵变中御史的作用

Report and Reply:An Analysis of the Role of Censors in the Nine Frontiers Mutiny in Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty

派遣御史巡视九边是明朝强化边镇监察的重要举措,御史奏报边情是明朝治理边镇的重要信息来源。嘉靖朝平息九边兵变过程中,巡按御史的信息奏报为明朝及时做出决策提供了信息参考。巡按御史在兵变平息中献计献策、率军平叛等积极作用的发挥,显示出皇权对边镇的掌控。但是,由于受边地军政中利益因素的干扰,边镇存在选择性奏报信息的情况,致使明朝中央不能完全获悉边镇实情。同样,身为天子耳目的御史也存在选择性奏报信息的情况,这又导致边镇长久以来聚集的军政矛盾无法从根源上化解。巡按御史奏报边情的直言距离真言存在一定差距。

Dispatch censors to inspect border defenses is an important measure of the Ming Dynasty to strengthen the supervision of military towns.The information reported by the censors was an important source of information for the Ming Dynasty to govern the military towns.During the suppression of the mutiny during the Jiajing period,the supervisory censor reported information that helped the government make decisions.The censors offer their ideas and commanded the army when suppressing the mutiny because of the power granted by the emperor.However,due to the interference of political interests,the officials have the selective information,which leads to the government can not fully obtain the real information.Similarly,the censors also report information selectively,which in turn leads to the inability to resolve the conflicts between the military and politics of the border.The information reported by the inspector is not completely true.