话语变革:形而上学的“权威”与马克思主义哲学的“实践”

Discourse Change:the“Authority”of Metaphysics and the“Practice”of Marxist Philosophy

哲学总是通过对人性的价值追问和对人类世界的理想建构,实现影响现实的人认识世界和改造世界的追求、方向和力量的话语功能。在形而上学形塑现实世界话语权威的历史演进中,总结其权威至高性、逻辑完满性、主体生产性的形塑方式,确认其是特定利益集团为自身利益辩护、统摄他者利益的二元权力结构作合理性辩护的话语实质。马克思主义哲学揭穿传统形而上学形塑权威的至上性、永恒性、逻辑性、生产性等基本方法,实现了哲学形塑话语权威的理论方式和实现话语功能的实践方式的双重变革。一方面,将对人性的追问从普遍、抽象、总体形式向现实的人的生命活动下移,重塑以现实的人的生命活动及其本质力量的实现的价值立场;另一方面,将对理想世界价值秩序的构建从二元对立的权力结构向现实的人的生命活动下移,通过现实的人的实践活动交织现实世界共同遵循的价值秩序。马克思主义哲学对哲学话语立场和话语实践的双重变革,为中国特色社会主义话语体系的建构提供了基本原则和科学方法。

Philosophy always realizes the discourse function of the pursuit, direction and power of people to understand and transform the world through the questioning of the value of human nature and the ideal construction of the human world. In the historical evolution of metaphysics that shapes the discourse authority in the real world, this paper summarizes its shaping way of authority supremacy, logical perfection and subject productivity, and confirms that it is the discourse essence of the dual power structure of specific interest groups defending their own interests and controlling the interests of others. Marxist philosophy exposes the basic methods of traditional metaphysics to shape authority, such as supremacy, eternity, logic and productivity, and realizes the dual transformation of the theoretical way of shaping discourse authority and the practical way of realizing discourse function. On the one hand, it moves the inquiry of human nature from the universal, abstract and overall form to the real human life activities, and reshapes the value position of realizing the real human life activities and their essential power. On the other hand, the construction of the ideal world value order will be moved down from the dualistic power structure to the real human life activities, and the value order followed by the real world will be intertwined through the real human practical activities. The dual changes of Marxist Philosophy in philosophical discourse position and discourse practice provide basic principles and scientific methods for the construction of socialist discourse system with Chinese characteristics.