刑法因果关系的典型-非典型模式之反思

Reflection on the Typical-atypical Model of Criminal Law Causality

必然-偶然因果关系说、相当因果关系说与客观归责理论的结果归属均是一种典型-非典型模式。该模式与常识主义刑法观、刑法客观主义以及报应性与预防性的关系形成内在契合,因而至今仍是刑法因果关系的研究范式。但是,典型-非典型模式不仅根基不稳、判断不准,而且无法适用于共犯领域。摒弃典型-非典型模式,是从结果归属不确定性泥潭中脱身的必由之路,也是构建单独犯与共犯统一归责模式的思想基础。

Necessary-accidental causality theory,equivalent causality theory and objective imputation theory are all typical-atypical models.This model forms an internal fit with the common-sense view of criminal law,objectivism of criminal law,and the relationship between retribution and preventiveness,so it is still a research paradigm for the causality of criminal law.However,the typical-atypical model is not only unstable and inaccurate in judgment,but also cannot be applied to the field of accomplices.Abandoning the typical-atypical model is the only way to get out of the quagmire of the uncertainty of result attribution,and it is also the ideological basis for constructing a unified imputation model for single offenders and accomplices.