殖民报刊的奴化宣传批判:以北平沦陷区《新民报》为例(1938-1944)

A Criticism on Pro-Japanese Propaganda of Sin Min Pao in the Occupied Peking(1938-1944)

报刊的奴化宣传在现代中国中不乏先例,却未能引起学界足够重视。本文借鉴马克思的殖民主义"双重使命"理论,运用费尔克拉夫的话语分析法,对抗战时期华北沦陷区最大的汉奸报刊《新民报》的短评"新民声"进行了批判。通过统计与分析"新民声"评论,并以抗日报刊的相关评论为参照,可以发现"新民声"在报道国内外战争形势时采用了选择性呈现、甚至凭空捏造的策略,丑化国共两党的抗日行动、领导人物和方针政策,打压同盟国士气,并鼓吹法西斯必胜。而在美化日本殖民主义时,"新民声"则秉持双重标准,塑造日本"先进者"的形象,同时反衬中国的落后。本文认为,上述宣传策略具有欺骗性、隐蔽性和破坏性,是殖民主义"双重使命"在思想文化领域的典型表现,其最终目的是打压中国人的民族自信,从文化意义上灭亡中国,对此不可不察。

Pro-colonial propaganda is not rare in modern Chinese press but has not attracted enough attention in academia.Drawing on Marx’s thesis of"dual missions of colonialism"and Fairclough’s method of discourse analysis,this paper analyses the texts of short comment"Sin Min Voice"on Sin Min Pao,the largest traitor newspaper in the occupied North China during the Counter-Japanese War.We find that"Sin Min Voice"selected and even fabricated facts when reporting on the war,underplaying the leaders,policies,and actions of the KMT and the Communist Party,meanwhile,weakening the morale of the Allies and advocating the victory of fascism.When propagating Japan’s colonialism,"Sin Min Voice"upheld double standards,establishing the image of"pioneer"of Japan,while criticizing China’s backwardness at the same time.These propaganda strategies are deceptive,concealed,and destructive.It is a typical evidence of the"dual missions of colonialism"in the field of ideology and culture.Their ultimate goal was to suppress the self-confidence of Chinese people and perish China in a cultural sense.