园林植物叶色季相色彩与审美关系研究

The Relationship Between Seasonal Color Quantification and Aesthetic of Garden Plant Leaf Color

为探究园林植物叶色色彩构成与大众审美的相关性,以固定植物为研究对象,在不同时期采集植物叶色色彩数据,利用美景度评价值与色彩三要素的变化情况、色彩构成及色相组成作相关分析。结果表明,植物叶色色彩三要素有规律性时间变化,其中色相随时间变化情况与大众审美呈负相关关系(r=-0.327,P<0.01),且组间差异明显;饱和度随时间变化情况与大众审美呈正相关关系(r=0.422,P<0.01),组间无显著差异;而明度变化对大众审美影响不突出。色彩构成指标中,随时间变化与大众审美呈正相关关系的有主色相比(r=0.327,P<0.01),且组间差异明显;对比色比(r=0.327,P<0.01),且组间差异明显;邻近色比(r=0.207,P<0.05),且组间差异不显著。色相组成随时间变化与大众审美呈正相关的有黄绿色H-6(r=0.283,P<0.01),且组间无显著差异;呈负相关关系的有蓝绿色H-10(r=-0.262,P<0.01)、蓝绿色H-11(r=-0.305,P<0.01)、绿青色H-12(r=-0.368,P<0.01)、中蓝色H-16(r=-0.287,P<0.01)、蓝色H-17(r=-0.333,P<0.01),靛青色H-18(r=-0.252,P<0.05),且组间差异显著;呈负相关关系的还有中蓝色H-15(r=-0.212,P<0.05)、品红H-21(r=-0.208,P<0.05),且组间无显著差异。植物季相变化中色相确定性、饱和度确定性升高有利于植物景观美的表达,植物群落中对比色和邻近色植物运用越多越有利于季相色彩的持续表达。景观色相组成中黄绿色H-6季相变化占比增加,公众喜爱程度提高,而其他色相组成随季相变化则呈负相关关系。解析植物整个季相色彩变化、色彩与大众审美之间的关系,可为植物选择应用及更好地呈现植物的季相景观提供理论依据。

To investigate the correlation between the composition of foliage color of garden plants and public aesthetic, the data of foliage color of plants were collected at different times with fixed plants as the research objects, and the correlation analysis was conducted with the changes of the three elements of color, color composition and hue composition by using the scenic beauty evaluation. The results show that there are regular temporal variations of the three elements of plant leaf color, among which the change of hue over time is negatively correlated with public aesthetic(r=-0.327, P<0.01), and the difference between groups is significant;the change of saturation over time is positively correlated with public aesthetic(r=0.422, P<0.01),and there is no significant difference between groups;and the change of luminosity has no significant effect on public aesthetic. The effect of lightness change on public aesthetic is not significant. Among the color composition indexes, the changes over time are positively correlated with public aesthetic: primary color ratio(r=0.327, P<0.01), with significant differences between groups;contrast color ratio(r=0.327, P<0.01), with significant differences between groups;and neighboring color ratio(r=0.207, P<0.05), with insignificant differences between groups. Changes in hue composition over time are positively correlated with popular aesthetic for yellow-green H-6(r=0.283, P<0.01) and do not differ significantly between groups. Negative correlations are found for blue-green H-10(r=-0.262, P<0.01), blue-green H-11(r=-0.305, P<0.01), greencyan H-12(r=-0.368, P<0.01), medium blue H-16(r=-0.287, P<0.01), blue H-17(r=-0.333, P<0.01),indigo H-18(r=-0.252, P<0.05), and significant differences are observed between groups. Negative correlations are also found for medium blue H-15(r=-0.212, P<0.05), magenta H-21(r=-0.208, P<0.05), and there is no significant difference between groups. The increase of hue certainty and saturation certainty in plant seasonal phase change is beneficial to the expression of plant landscape beauty, and the more the contrast color and the neighboring color plants in plant community, the better the expression of seasonal color is. The proportion increase of yellow-green H-6 seasonal phase change in landscape color composition is favored by the public, while other color compositions show negative correlation with seasonal phase change. The analysis of the relationship between the color change of the whole season and the public aesthetic can provide a theoretical basis for the selection and application of plants and better display of the seasonal landscape of plants.