有机肥培肥方式对‘红美人’柑橘园生态效应的影响

The Ecological Effects of Organic Fertilization Methods on‘Hongmeiren’Citrus Orchard

为探讨有机肥高效利用的管理方式,实现柑橘果园的可持续发展,以‘红美人’杂柑为研究对象,分别采用清耕(对照,CK)、种植绿肥和施用饼肥3种果园地面管理方式,研究其对果园土壤肥力、酶活性、土壤温度、含水量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,种植绿肥和施用饼肥均能增加土壤有机质和大中量营养元素含量;土壤中微生物量碳、氮、磷含量也明显增加;土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶活性均高于对照。高温干旱季柑橘园的土壤温度随土层深度的增加而降低;在土层深度为0~10 cm时,绿肥、饼肥的土壤温度分别比对照低3.9、4.4℃,在10~20 cm时,绿肥、饼肥的土壤温度分别比对照低2.6、3.2℃;土层深度为20~40 cm时,绿肥和饼肥的土壤温度分别比对照低2℃和1.6℃。土壤含水量随土层深度的增加而升高,绿肥和饼肥不同土层深度的土壤含水量均显著高于对照。绿肥和饼肥处理的果皮厚度显著低于对照,果实的可食率、总糖和维生素C含量显著高于对照。因此,在柑橘园种植绿肥和施用饼肥均能增加土壤中微生物含量,提高土壤酶活性,从而改善土壤肥力,干旱季还田的绿肥可以降低土壤温度,提高土壤含水量,起到保水降温的作用,可提高果实品质。

For realizing the sustainable development of citrus orchard, the efficient utilization of organic fertilizer was discussed in this paper. The effects of three orchard ground management methods, including clearing tillage, planting green manure and applying cake fertilizer, on soil fertility, enzyme activity, soil temperature, water content and fruit quality were studied. The results showed that planting green fertilizer and applying cake fertilizer could increase soil organic matter and large and medium element content. The contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass also increased significantly. The activities of soil catalase, urease and nitrate reductase were all higher than those of the control. The soil temperature of citrus orchard decreased with the increase of soil depth in high temperature and dry season. When the soil depth was0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, the soil temperature of planting green fertilizer and applying cake fertilizer were 3.9-4.4℃ and 2.6-3.2℃ lower than the control, respectively. When the soil depth was 20-40 cm, the soil temperature of planting green fertilizer and applying cake fertilizer was 2℃ and 1.6℃ lower than the control,respectively. The soil water content increased with the increase of soil depth, and the soil water content of planting green fertilizer and applying cake fertilizer at different soil depth was significantly higher than that of the control group. The fruit peel thickness of planting green manure and applying cake fertilizer was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the edible rate, total sugar and vitamin C content of the fruit were significantly higher than that of the control group. Therefore, planting green fertilizer and applying cake fertilizer in citrus orchard can increase the soil microbial content, improve the soil enzyme activity, thus improving the soil fertility. The green manure returning to the field in dry season can reduce the soil temperature, increase the soil moisture content, have the function of water retention and cooling, thus improving the fruit quality.