中国社会政策体系的结构转型与实现路径

Structural Transformation of Social Policy System in China and Its Implementation Path

社会政策体系是由满足国民基本生活和发展需要相关因素构成的具有特定功能的有机整体。我国将进入共同富裕新阶段,以共同富裕为标志的社会政策时代将来临。在此背景下,本文采取层次结构分析法,运用"兜底性—基础性—普惠性"三层政策结构分析框架,发现我国社会政策体系先后经历了托底保险型、社会救助"上移"过渡型。未来以实现共同富裕为新目标,重点补齐社会福利短板,让社会服务"下沉",形成三层次的"共享服务型"政策体系。在坚持实现经济发展和民生改善良性循环的整体观下,中国社会政策体系的结构转型应避免传统福利国家的弊端,走社会投资发展之路,选取积极社会政策作为突破方向;走"社会服务国家"之路,建立低投入、低成本的"共享服务型"社会政策体系。

With specific functions,a social policy system is a unity integrating factors relating to satisfying people’s basic needs in livelihood and development.China is quite likely to enter a new period,in which its social policy will characteristically aim at realizing common prosperity.With this situation as a backdrop,this article,applying a multi-layer structure analysis,introduces a three-layer structure analysis framework to investigate the bottom line for absolute poverty,people’s basic needs and common interests.We find that China’s social policy system has undergone a shift from aiding those in absolute poverty to those got relieved midway.In the future,focusing on the new goal of realizing common prosperity,the Chinese government should shore up points of weakness in social welfare system,so that all people may enjoy social services,and bring into being a three-layer service policy system for all people to share.For this purpose,this article proposes that with a holistic view of well-balanced dynamics of economic development interacting with improvement of people’s lives,the structural improvement of China’s social policy system should go beyond the traditional practice of a welfare country and follow the road of social investment,to make a breakthrough in making active social policies.China should be built as a social service country,with a low-input,low-cost social policy system.