网络金融犯罪中违法性认识错误可避免的司法判断

Judicial Judgment on Avoidable Mistakes of Law in Cyber Financial Crimes

"不知法不免责"的理念已不适应法定犯时代,而立足于"责任说"研究违法性认识错误对行为人刑事责任的影响,更易于被我国的司法实践所接受。我们通过对228起典型案件的分析,归纳出违法性认识错误在"非法吸收公众存款罪"司法认定中的现状和规律;主张法官应以"类型化一般人"为标准,运用"谁主张、谁举证"的程序规则,采用阶段审查的操作步骤,最终推定特定领域的法定犯违法性认识错误是否可避免。将该判断结果对刑事责任的影响界定为"应当减轻、可以从轻"两种法律效果,彰显刑法的"公正"和"谦抑"原则。从技术角度建立类型化的法定犯"认识错误可避免"的司法判断规则。

The rule that"ignorance of law is no excuse"no longer fits the legal concept of crimes in the present times.Based on"the theory of responsibility",it is more conducive to being accepted in judicial practices to study the influence of mistakes of law on criminal liability.Through the analyses of 228 typical cases,this study summarizes the current situation and regular patterns of judicial cognizance of mistakes of law in the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits.It advocates that judges should take"typed average people"as the standard,apply the procedural rule of"those who claim prove",adopt the operation step of stage review,and finally presume whether judicial cognizance of mistakes of law in a specific field can be avoided.The impact of the judgment result on criminal responsibility is defined as two legal effects:"punishment should be mitigated and can be lighter",thus demonstrating the principles of"fairness"and"modesty"in criminal law.Meanwhile,this study also constructs the typed rule for judging an avoidable mistake of law in legal crimes from a technical perspective.