20世纪“戏曲”概念的历史演变——基于文化与政治语境的考察

Historical Evolution of Xiqu Concept in XX Century:Based in Cultural and Political Context

"戏曲"概念在20世纪中国发生了多次重要演变。近代中国的报刊和王国维的学术研究使"戏曲"概念在20世纪初期确立并流行;"戏曲"概念的发展经历了一个从文学本位到剧场艺术自觉的过程,学者们对演出实践、明清传奇和地方戏的关注,使"戏曲"概念得到了拓宽;在政治、社会、文化的多重影响下,"戏曲"和"戏剧"概念不断冲突与纠缠,这一现象反映了中国戏剧学面对传统与现代时的复杂状况。语言学方法的引入有助于人们摒弃本质主义的执迷,将注意力集中到"戏曲"一词的不同语境上,探究其演变的规律和意义。

The concept of xiqu(戏曲)has undergone many important changes in China in the 20 th century.In modern time,Chinese newspapers and Wang Guo-wei’s academic research made the concept of xiqu well accepted and thus popular in the early 20 th century.This concept has developed from a mere literary idea into an artistic awareness in a theater.Scholars’focus on the Ming and Qing legends,local operas and their performance helped broaden the concept of xiqu.In the wake of politics,society and culture,the concepts of xiqu and xiju(戏剧)were in constant conflict and entanglement,reflecting the complicated situation of Chinese theatre in the face of tradition and modernity.The introduction of linguistic methods helps people to abandon the obsessive essentialism,focus on the different contexts of the word xiqu,and explore the law and significance of its evolution.