不同磷肥用量对水稻产量效益、磷肥利用率及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Different Amounts of Phosphate Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Fertilizer Utilization and Soil Nutrients

为解决水稻生产中磷肥适宜用量及提高水稻产量效益问题,以江苏水稻‘9108’为试验材料,采用不同磷肥用量方法对水稻产量、经济效益、磷肥利用率及土壤养分含量进行研究。结果表明:施磷37.5 kg/hm^(2)水稻产量最高,达到了11781.15 kg/hm^(2)。磷肥用量在37.5 kg/hm^(2)的基础上增施磷肥水稻磷肥利用率、磷肥生理利用率、磷肥农学利用率和磷肥偏生产力呈现下降趋势,施磷37.5 kg/hm^(2)磷肥效率均最高。增施磷肥降低了土壤pH、有机质和碱解氮含量,增加了土壤有效磷、速效钾含量。水稻经济效益随施磷量的增加而增加,施磷量超过37.5 kg/hm^(2)经济效益下降。综合上述结论拟推荐兴化水稻生产中磷肥适用量为37.5 kg/hm^(2)。

To optimize the phosphorus(P)fertilizer application practices and improve the yield and economic benefits of rice production,we selected rice‘9108’as an experimental variety,and evaluated the rice yield,economic benefit,utilization rate of P fertilizer and soil nutrient contents under different P application rates.The results showed that the highest yield(11781.15 kg/hm^(2))was achieved under the P application rate of 37.5 kg/hm^(2).The parameters of the use efficiency,the physiological use efficiency,the agronomic use efficiency and the partial productivity of P fertilizer decreased with the increasing of P fertilizer application rate.The highest P use efficiency was also achieved under the rate of 37.5 kg/hm^(2).Increasing the P application rate could decrease soil pH and the content of soil organic matter and soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,but increase the content of soil available P and soil available potassium.Increasing the P application rate had a positive effect on the economic benefit of rice,but the economic benefit tended to decline when the application rate exceeded 37.5 kg/hm^(2).In short,37.5 kg/hm^(2) could be recommended as the optimal P application rate for rice production in Xinghua.