镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区水域生态修复效果的监测与评价

Monitoring and Evaluation of Ecological Restoration Effects of Zhenjiang Yangtze Cetacean Provincial Nature Reserve

自2006年以来,长江豚类极度濒危的生存状况得到广泛关注,在其自然保护区实施一系列生态修复工程,为镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区内的江豚提供良好的生存环境。于2015—2018年在和畅洲水域建设生态浮岛、人工鱼巢和放流底栖动物进行水域生态修复,对生态修复工程进行跟踪监测和效果评价。结果表明:生态浮岛的建设可提高区域内浮游植物和浮游动物的生物多样性和群落结构复杂程度;人工鱼巢对产黏性卵鱼类具有一定增殖效果,增殖种类主要为鲤、鲫、?和黄尾鲴;生态浮岛和人工鱼巢的建设对鱼类均有较好的聚集效果;底栖动物增殖放流显著增加了放流物种的丰度、生物量及保护区底栖动物群落生物量,增殖放流效果评价为中等。该自然保护区水域生态修复效果明显,为工程施工影响下水生生物保护区生态修复提供科学依据。

Since 2006,the decline of Yangtze cetacean,a critically endangered cetacean species living in the Yangtze River,has attracted widespread attention.To provide a good living environment for the Yangtze finless porpoise in the Zhenjiang Yangtze cetacean provincial nature reserve,a series of ecological restoration projects have been carried out.From 2015 to 2018,ecological floating islands,artificial fish nests and benthic animals release were constructed in the water area of Hechangzhou to carry out ecological restoration.During this period,this study conducted tracking monitoring and effect evaluation for ecological restoration projects.The results show that the construction of ecological floating islands could improve the biodiversity and community structure complexity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the region.Artificial fish nests have a certain effect on the proliferation of stickiness spawning fish,such as Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,Hemiculter leucisculus and Xenocypris davidi.The construction of ecological floating islands and artificial fish nests has better effects on fish aggregation.The proliferation and release of benthic animals could significantly increase the abundance and biomass of released species and the community biomass of benthic animals in the reserve,and the effect of the proliferation and release is medium.The ecological restoration effect of the nature reserve is remarkable,which provides a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of the aquatic life reserve affected by engineering construction.