究竟什么是《资本论》的“叙述方法”?——基于创作史、传播史的考察

What Is the“Method of Presentation”of Capital?A Research Based on the History of Composition and Propagation

在《资本论》第一卷第二版《跋》中,马克思强调了“叙述方法”和“研究方法”之间既具有内在关联,又在途径和形式上彼此不同。但对于作为“从抽象到具体”的“叙述方法”如何体现、具体关涉哪些方面,他并没有做出非常明确和系统的阐释。本文基于对《资本论》复杂的创作史、传播史的考察,尝试从结构、术语、引证、表述、修订、翻译、辩驳、理解等八个方面作出归纳和概述。由于马克思对现代社会卓绝的批判,其思想具有不可超越的当代价值,《资本论》因其“叙述方法”的科学性也毫无愧色地成为永恒的经典。

Marx emphasized the relationship between the“method of presentation”and the“method of inquiry”in the Epilogue to the 2^(nd) edition of Volume 1 of Capital,they are internal connected,and have different ways and forms at the same time.But Marx did not clarify how many aspects are involved in the“method of presentation”.Based on the history of composition and propagation of the Capital,this essay concludes that eight aspects are involved,which are construction,terminology,reference,narration,revision,translation,disputation and understanding.Marx’s thought is of contemporary value because of his outstanding critique of modern society,the Capital came to be eternal classics because of its“method of presentation”.