存在/世界/事件:解读齐泽克对巴迪欧的存在论批判

Being/World/Event:Slavoj Zizek’s Critique to the Ontology of Alain Badiou

齐泽克认为,在存在、世界和事件的三元组上,他和巴迪欧的根本分歧乃是存在论上的。巴迪欧认为多元性的存在者之间是同质的,是数学上的多元性。而齐泽克则认为存在的显现必须是一个从对抗性的不一致实在界产生符号界的过程。在巴迪欧看来,世界是一个现象学的视域,事件的发生并不能从根本上改变世界的先验结构和内在规则,而只是局部的变异;齐泽克则认为,一个真正的事件会改变世界本身的内在尺度。在巴迪欧的真理—事件中,永恒理念穿越不同的世界而存在,这个永恒理念是一个肯定性的谋划;而在齐泽克的思想中,这种永恒性是否定性的永恒性,是死亡驱力的永恒性。齐泽克与巴迪欧的根本区别在于,齐泽克强调死亡驱力对于事件的存在论上的重要性,而巴迪欧未能在根本上理解事件的存在论,尤其没有理解死亡驱力对于事件的存在论意义。

Slavoj Zizek argues that with regard to the triplet of Bing,World and Event,the difference between him and Badiou is fundamentally ontological.Badiou believes that the multiplicity of Being is homogeneous,that is the mathematical multiplicity.However,SlavojZizek ek,argues that the appearance of Being must be a process of producing a symbolic world from an antagonistic,inconsistent reality.According to Badiou,the World is a phenomenological horizon,and the occurrence of Event cannot fundamentally change the transcendental structure and internal rules of the world,but only change partly.Slavoj Zizek argues that a real Event would change the internal dimensions of the World itself.In Badiou’s truth-event,the Eternal Idea exists through different worlds,being a positive scheme,while in SlavojZizek’s thought,the eternal is a negative eternity,the immortality of the death drive.The fundamental difference between SlavojZizek and Badiou lies in that Slavoj Zizek’s emphasis on the ontological importance of the death drive to the Event,while Badiou cannot understand the ontology of the Event,especially the ontological significance of the death drive to the Event.