苏联历史地理学之路——梅杜舍夫斯卡娅作品中的17—19世纪俄国西伯利亚及北美地理发现

Development Processes of Soviet Historical Geography--Geographical Discoveries of Siberia in Russia and North America from the 17th to the 19th Century in Medushevskaya’s Works

梅杜舍夫斯卡娅是俄罗斯杰出的历史学家,史学研究成就卓著。目前已经出版的梅氏论文集共四卷,包括历史哲学和史学认知理论,史料学理论、方法论和史学史,历史地理学,社会政治、教育学和教学活动。梅杜舍夫斯卡娅对俄罗斯历史地理学派的创建作出重要贡献。她认为,历史地理学研究长时段历史和空间中的现实,是以特定的方式观照历史的学科。她将俄国在西伯利亚、太平洋和北美的地理发现作为研究对象,指出地理发现史不仅涵盖社会史内容,而且对于分析俄国政府的新土地殖民政策、历次考察的经济目的和科学研究目的,以及评价俄国新土地发现者的成就具有重要意义。梅杜舍夫斯卡娅确立了历史人类学研究的理论基础,揭示出历史人类学与人文学科和史料学比较研究方法之间的关系。此外,她在高校讲授历史地理学和历史人类学等课程,培养了大批历史学人才。

Medushevskaya is an outstanding Russian historian with outstanding achievements in historical research.Her collection of essays has been published in four volumes:including historical philosophy and cognitive theory of historical science,historical data theory,methodology and history of historical science,historical geography,social politics,pedagogy and teaching activities.She made an important contribution to the establishment of the Russian Historical Geography School.She believes that historical geography studies long-term history and reality in space,which is a discipline to observe history in a specific way.She took Russia’s geographical discoveries in Siberia,the Pacific,and North America as the research objects and pointed out that the history of geographical discoveries not only covered social history,but also was of great significance for the analysis of the Russian government’s new land colonial policy,the economic and scientific purposes of previous investigations,and the evaluation of the achievements of the discoverers of the new Russian land.Medushevskaya established the theoretical basis for the study of historical anthropology and revealed the relationship between historical anthropology and the comparative research methods of humanities and historical materials.In addition,she taught courses in historical geography and historical anthropology in colleges and universities,training a large number of historical talents.