回归空间:城市权利视角下的中国社区营造

RETURNING TO SPACE:CHINA’S COMMUNITY BUILDING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE RIGHT TO THE CITY

2016年联合国"人居三"会议发布的《新城市议程》将"城市权利"作为未来20年全球城市发展的重要愿景,并将其与居住和社区的概念紧密联系在一起。本文结合当下社区营造渐趋热化的背景,以城市权利作为基础理论,回顾中国社区营造历程中城市权利的演进,归纳当前社区营造面临的"无集体"与"空间缺失"两大困境。本文认为,城市权利的本质是对空间的平等占有和支配,实现过程表现为"再分配"与"再制度化"的"城市革命",基于此区别于当前以"干预集体"为核心思路的社区营造模式,认为社区营造的要点在于回归空间,以"干预空间"作为核心寻求较低社会成本和较少社会冲突的"和平"道路,并通过优化网格体系的空间与权力安排、以社区规划为中心的实践等重塑中国社区营造的框架。

Adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development(Habitat III)in 2016,the New Urban Agenda takes the"right to the city"as the vital vision for global urban development in the next 20 years,which is closely linked to the conception of residence and community.In the context of upsurging urban community development and community-building practice,this paper takes the right to the city as the basic theory and reviews the evolution of the right to the city in the process of China’s community building,pointing out the dilemma in current community building practice:"lack of a sense of collectivity"and"lack of space".The paper argues that the essence of the right to the city is the equal occupation and domination of space,which is achieved mainly through the urban revolution of redistribution and re-institutionalization.On this basis,it maintains that it is essential for community building to return to space and seek a more peaceful path with a lower social cost and less social conflicts by taking"intervention in space"as the core idea,which is different from the current community building model with"intervention in the collective"as its core.In addition,it is necessary to reshape the China’s community building framework through improving the grid system and power arrangements and focusing on community planning practices.