明长城内外三关军事聚落整体布局与联防机制

OVERALL LAYOUT AND JOINT DEFENSE MECHANISM OF THE INNER AND OUTER THREE PASSES AROUND THE GREAT WALL OF THE MING DYNASTY

明代内三关与外三关成组分布于内长城沿线,是明长城军事聚落大跨度联防的重要实例。基于对内三关与外三关建设时序、军事级别、战事情况的梳理,和不同地理环境下六座关城空间布局和职能属性的分析,总结出明长城体系在内三关与外三关重要关城节点处军事布局的整体性,以及其中体现出的扩大防区、联结两翼、统一调配、协同管理、全线相连、连线成面的联防策略。对内三关与外三关、内长城以及明长城军事体系整体观念的形成与整体性保护策略的制定具有重要意义。

The inner three passes and outer three passes were distributed in groups along the Inner Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty and are important examples of large-span joint defense of Great Wall military settlements in the Ming Dynasty.Based on the analysis of the construction chronology of the inner three passes and the outer three passes,their military level and warfare,the spatial layout and functional attributes of these six passes in different geographical settings,this paper summarizes the overall military layout of the Great Wall system at large pass cities in the Ming Dynasty.It also shows the joint defense strategy of expanding the defense area,linking the two wings,unifying the deployment,collaborating the management,connecting the whole defense line,and forming a group.It is of great significance for the formation of a holistic concept of the inner and outer three passes,the Inner Great Wall and the Great Wall military system in the Ming Dynasty,and the formulation of a holistic conservation strategy.