医学病毒学生物安全三级动物实验室的建立

Establishment of Animal Biosafety Level 3 Laboratories for Medical Virology

目前国内多个机构已建立了BSL-3实验室,这些实验室能够满足细胞水平和动物水平的病原微生物实验活动。医学病毒学生物安全三级动物实验室(ABSL-3)可分为小动物实验室和中(大)动物实验室。小动物实验室主要开展小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠等啮齿类动物的感染性实验活动;中(大)动物实验室主要开展小型猪、猴等实验。动物三级实验室特别是开展中(大)动物实验的高等级实验室,其实验室布局,设备设施,管理体系及流程会有很大的差别。本文从使用者的角度,通过所在机构医学病毒学生物安全三级动物实验室(ABSL-3)的建设与实践,对于筹备和建立以及使用过程中的所面对的问题以及应对,进行了提炼和归纳,分析和探讨,旨在为建设和使用医学病毒学高致病性生物安全三级动物实验室提供借鉴和参考。

Animal biosafety level 3(ABSL - 3) laboratories for medical virology can be classified into small animal laboratories and medium/large animal laboratories. Small animal laboratories mainly deal with mice,rats,hamsters,and so on;medium/large animal laboratories deal with monkeys,ferrets,and so on. Biosafety level 3 laboratories have been established in some institutions in China,and experiments at the viral,cellular,and tissue levels can be conducted in these laboratories. For animal experiments,especially those using medium/large animals,the laboratory layout,equipment and facilities,management system,and processes will differ greatly. This article summarizes, analyzes, and discusses problems and solutions in the preparation,establishment,and use of an ABSL - 3 laboratory based on the practice in our institution from the user perspective,so as to provide a reference for the construction and use of ABSL - 3 laboratories for medical virology.