尿源性干细胞对急性肾损伤的保护作用及机制研究进展

Research progress on the protective effect and mechanism of urine-derived stem cells in acute kidney injury

急性肾损伤(AKI)是一种发病急、病死率高且预后差的疾病,目前除了透析和替代疗法外没有更及时有效的治疗手段。尿源性干细胞(USCs)是从尿液中分离获得的一种多能干细胞,具有自我更新和多向分化的潜能,作为易于获得、无创且易体外培养的干细胞资源,与泌尿系统高度同源,通常不产生免疫排斥反应,在膀胱组织再生、尿道重建中均有较好的潜能,可以减少炎症和纤维化。同时,USCs具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡的细胞保护作用,可以抑制组织损伤,在AKI的治疗中具有较好的应用前景。该文重点阐述USCs在AKI中的保护作用和相关机制的研究进展,为AKI的临床防治、预后改善提供了新思路。

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a disease with rapid onset,high fatality rate and poor prognosis.At present,there is no more timely and effective treatment besides dialysis and replacement therapy.Urine-derived stem cells(USCs)are pluripotent stem cells isolated from urine with the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation,as a stem cell resource that is easy to obtain,non-invasive and easy to culture in vitro,it is highly homologous with the urinary system and usually does not produce immune rejection.It has good potential in bladder tissue regeneration and urethral reconstruction,and can reduce inflammation and fibrosis.Meanwhile,USCs have anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic cytoprotective effects,can inhibit tissue damage,and have good application prospects in the treatment of AKI.This article focuses on the research progress of the protective effect of USCs in AKI and related mechanisms.It will provide a new idea for clinical prevention and improvement of prognosis of AKI.