草在深圳水径大型矿山群水土生态修复中的应用

Application of Grass in Soil and Water Ecological Restoration of Large Mine Group in Shuijing of Shenzhen

深圳水径大型矿山群区域面积171.3万m 2,生态修复面积119.6万m 2,生态修复工程与场平主体工程同步推进,历时13年。草是生态修复的先锋植物和植物群落的重要组成部分,在矿山生态修复中具有不可或缺性,特别是在生态修复初期,草本植物生长快速,可保持水土,为后续乔灌木生长及野生植物繁衍创造相对较好的立地条件。在矿山群不同类型的生态修复中,技术上难易程度差异较大。草本植物的研发与创新应用,使生态修复难度较大的治理区最终均实现了复绿。草本植物在水径矿山群生态修复中的创新性应用包括组合喷草技术、植物营养体喷混技术、先锋短命草种技术、生物砖排水技术、动态采种利用技术、山塘水源自流滴灌技术等。

The regional area of large mine group in Shuijing of Shenzhen is 1.713 million m2 and the area of ecological restoration is 1.196 million m2.The ecological restoration project and the main site leveling project were promoted simultaneously which lasted 13 years.Grass is a pio⁃neer plant in ecological restoration and an important part of plant community,which is indispensable in mine ecological restoration.Especially in the early stage of ecological restoration,herbs grow rapidly and can conserve water and soil and create relatively good site conditions for subsequent growth of trees and shrubs and reproduction of wild plants.There are great differences in technical difficulty for different types of ecological restoration in mine groups.The research and innovative application of herbaceous plants have finally made the treatment areas greening with great difficulty in ecological restoration.The innovative applications of herbaceous plants in ecological restoration of mine group of Shuijing include combined grass spraying technology,spraying and mixing technology of plant nutrients,pioneer short⁃lived grass seed technology,biological brick drainage technology,dynamic seed collection and utilization technology and gravity drip irrigation technology of mountain pond water source.