有序分子聚集体软模板合成聚苯胺及其在超级电容器中的应用

Synthesis of polyaniline by ordered molecular aggregate soft template and its application in supercapacitor

通过非离子表面活性剂吐温-20(Tween-20)和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐((Bmim)PF_(6))配制成微乳液,构建有序分子聚集体(OMA),以此作为反应软模板,室温条件下,制备纳微结构聚苯胺材料(P-PANI)。SEM测试结果表明所合成的P-PANI纤维直径约为80~110 nm,长度较长,分散均匀,呈现很好的三维多孔结构。FTIR、XRD和TG结果说明所合成的材料均为质子酸掺杂PANI结构,P-PANI结构具有较好的规整性和热稳定性。在0.1 A/g放电电流密度下P-PANI比容量为535.4 F/g,经500次恒流充放电循环后比容量仍有344.2 F/g,保持率高达64.3%;该研究表明,以离子液体为介质构建OMA,并以此为模板更易制得疏松多孔纤维结构,有利于电解液对电极材料浸润,形成较好的导电网络,提高PANI电极材料的比容量和循环稳定性。

Microemulsion is prepared by nonionic surfactant Twain-20(Tween-20)and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium six fluorophosphate((Bmim)PF_(6)),and ordered molecular aggregates(OMA)are prepared as soft template for the preparation of nano/micro structure polyaniline(P-PANI)at room temperature.SEM results show that the diameter of the synthesized P-PANI fiber is about 80~110 nm,the length is long,the dispersion is uniform,and the P-PANI fiber presents a good three-dimensional porous structure.FTIR,XRD and TG results show that the synthesized materials are all proton acid doped PANI structure,and P-PANI structure has good regularity and thermal stability.The specific capacity of P-PANI is 535.4 F/g at 0.1 A/g discharge current density.After 500 constant current charge discharge cycles,the specific capacity of P-PANI is 344.2 F/g and the retention rate is as high as 64.3%.The results show that it is easier to prepare porous fiber structure by using ionic liquid as the medium to construct OMA,which is conducive to the infiltration of electrolyte into the electrode material,forming a better conductive network,and improving the specific capacity and cycle stability of PANI electrode material.