增稠剂对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者肺炎发生情况和营养不良风险的影响

Effect of Thickener on Pneumonia and Malnutrition Risk in Patients with Dysphagia After Stroke

目的探讨对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者使用增稠剂的效果。方法选取灌南县第一人民医院于2019年1月至2021年3月收治的88例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为对照组(进食常规食物)和观察组(在吞咽训练基础上进食食物增稠剂调配的食物),各44例。比较两组疗效、肺部症状、营养指标、生活质量。结果观察组临床总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(79.55%)(P<0.05)。观察组呛咳发生次数、误吸发生次数、肺炎发生次数均少于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组体质量指数(BMI)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、主观整体营养状况评价量表(SGA)评分、热量摄入量、蛋白质摄入量均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组吞咽障碍生活质量量表(EDQoL)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者在吞咽训练基础上食用食物增稠剂调配的食物从临床疗效、症状指标、营养风险、生活质量都优于进食常规食物,增稠剂在脑卒中后吞咽障碍治疗中效果确切,可改善患者营养状态及生活质量,亦可降低肺炎发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of thickener on dysphagia after stroke.Methods A total of 88 patients with dysphagia after stroke treated in the First People’s Hospital of Guannan County from January 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the research objects.They were randomly divided into control group(eating conventional food)and observation group(eating food prepared with food thickener on the basis of swallowing training),with 44 cases in each group.The curative effect,pulmonary symptoms,nutritional indexes and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate efficacy of the observation group(95.45%)was higher than that of the control group(79.55%)(P<0.05).The frequency of choking,aspiration and pneumonia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the body mass index(BMI),triceps skinfold thickness(TSF),subjective global assessment(SGA)scale,calorie intake and protein intake in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the score of eating disorders quality of life scale(EDQoL)in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The food prepared by food thickener on the basis of swallowing training in stroke patients is better than conventional food in terms of clinical efficacy,symptom indicators,nutritional risk and quality of life.Therefore,thickener has a definite effect in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke,which can improve patients’nutritional status and quality of life,and reduce the incidence of pneumonia,which is worthy of reference.