多元视角下刑事诉讼当事人的隐私权保护

Protect the Privacy of Parties to a Case in Criminal Procedures from Multi Perspectives

随着我国《民法典》的颁布实施,隐私权作为具体人格权被正式确立。刑事诉讼当事人的隐私权指在诉讼过程中所享有的,决定是否及如何将私密信息、隐私状态等向包括司法机关在内的外界公开的实体性权利。基于追诉犯罪的需要,刑事司法活动不可避免会对当事人特别是犯罪嫌疑人的隐私权有所限制,司法公正所要求的司法公开也可能会对当事人的隐私权造成侵犯。故有必要通过"正面确权式"的路径对刑事诉讼当事人的隐私权予以保护,并明确隐私权遭受侵犯后的救济途径。

With the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,the right to privacy was formally established as a kind of personality rights.The right to privacy of the parties in criminal procedures refers to the substantive right to decide whether and how to disclose private activities or private information and private status to the public including judicial authorities.Based on the need of prosecuting crimes,criminal justice activities will inevitably limit the right to privacy of parties,especially the suspects.Judicial transparency required by judicial justice may also infringe the privacy of parties to a case.Thus,it is necessary to protect the right to privacy of parties to a case through“positive confirmation of rights”in criminal procedures,and stipulate the remedies against the infringement of right to privacy.