人权与马克思主义传统

Human Rights and Marxist Tradition

当今,许多进步和挑剔的评论家普遍批判和拒绝人权,而世界各地相关的社会变革运动却在拥抱人权话语,两者之间存在着明显的脱节。批判理论与批判实践之间的分歧引发了一个重要问题,即致力于实现根本社会变革的运动,是否需要参与人权以及如何参与人权。虽然存在着一系列历史悠久的对人权的批判性否定,但是本文从马克思主义传统出发,认为人权可以并且在某些情况下应当被运用在社会运动中。然而,要得出这一结论,我们对人权的理解应当是:将社会变革放在首位,深入理解人权的矛盾性质。

There is a marked disjuncture today between the generalized critique and rejection of human rights by many progressive and critical commentators,and the embrace of the language of human rights by a variety of movements around the world engaged in struggles for social change.This divide between critical theory and critical practice raises important questions about whether and how movements for fundamental social change should engage with human rights.In contrast to a number of well-established critical dismissals of rights,this article argues,from within the Marxist tradition,that human rights can,and in some cases should,be deployed by social movements in their campaigns.However,reaching this conclusion requires developing an understanding of human rights that gives primacy to social struggle and to a nuanced understanding of the contradictory nature of human rights.