人体运动的灵敏:定义与测试

Agility in Human Movement:The Definition and Testing

灵敏是人体运动能力的一种表现形式,在集体球类项目、持拍类项目和格斗类项目比赛中发挥着重要作用。然而,目前研究领域对灵敏的定义尚不统一,且测试方法繁多。文章对文献中人体运动中灵敏的概念和测试方法进行了梳理,并基于现有知识对灵敏进行定义,指出了现有灵敏测试面临的挑战。研究指出,灵敏是指在人体在运动过程中,根据任务目标(无论已知还是未知)迅速、准确、高效地变换和调整动作模式(即动作改变)或运动状态(即方向和速度的改变)的能力。虽然文献中绝大多数测试方案都具有较高的信度和效度,但目前仍然存在灵敏素质测定“黄金标准”缺乏、直线跑动比重过大、忽视测试中的动作质量,以及不同测试间结果可比性有限的挑战。未来研究和应用方向包括利用可穿戴设备对灵敏的量化描述,探究灵敏的影响因素并制定相应的训练方法,探究灵敏对于提升比赛表现和降低损伤风险的效果,以及灵敏发展的敏感期探索。

Agility is a form of human movement and plays an important role in the matches of team sports,racket sports and combat sports.However,agreement has not yet been reached onthe definition and testing of agility in sport science.We reviewed the literatures involving definition and testing of agility in sport.Based on the current knowledge in the literatures,we proposed a more comprehensive definition and pointed out several challenges faced by the existing agility tests.Agilityis defined as the ability to quickly,accurately and efficiently change and adjust the movement mode(i.e.,changing motion)or state(i.e.,changing direction or speed)according to the aims(either pre-planned or unplanned)during the human movement.Although most of tests in the literatures had good reliability and validity,there were four major challenges including lack of gold standard test,overweighted running in straight line during the test,limited attentions on the quality of motion,as well as difficulty in comparison between different tests.The future researches about agility could be promoted from the following aspects:to use the wearable devices for quantification of agility,to investigate the influencing factors of agility and develop corresponding training methods,to examine the effect of agility training on improving performance and reducing the risk of injury,to explore the sensitive period of agility development.