国外心肺耐力/心肺适能与学前儿童健康相关性研究的系统综述

Systematic Review of Foreign Studies on the Correlation between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health in Preschool Children

目的:通过系统综述国外心肺耐力/心肺适能(CRF)与学前儿童若干健康指标相关性研究,揭示心肺适能是评价学前儿童健康的重要指标,并提供该指标的测评方法。方法:从1999-2019年发表在PubMed,Scopus数据库的英文文献中,选取健康学前儿童(年龄在2.5~6.9岁)为对象,涉及心肺适能与儿童健康相关测评指标(含心血管健康、肥胖、身体活动、动作技能能力和认知发展)研究。结果:共有21项质量中高等的文献探讨了学前儿童心肺适能水平与健康测评指标的相关性:学前儿童低水平的心肺适能与高心血管疾病风险、肥胖/超重密切相关,中高强度的身体活动水平有助于学前儿童心肺适能的提高,极少数研究调查学前儿童动作和认知发展与心肺适能的关系,且结论不一致。提示我国学者需要重新审视学前儿童的心肺适能发展的重要性,并获得更多的证据。

Objective:To systematically review foreign studies on the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness indicators and preschool children's health indicators to show that cardiopulmonary fitness is an important indicator for evaluating the health level of preschool children,and provide an evaluation method for this indicator.Methods:From the English literature published in PubMed and Scopus databases in 1999-2019,selected and reviewed the health assessment indicators(including cardiovascular health,obesity,physical activity,motor skills and cognitive development)of healthy preschool children aged 2.5 to 6.9,and used the STROBE item list and the STROBE-M quality assessment tool to conduct a quality analysis of the cross-sectional research.Results:A total of 21 middle-and high-quality documents explore the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness level and health evaluation indicators in preschool children.It is found that low-level cardiorespiratory fitness in preschool children is closely related to high CVD risk,obesity/overweight,and higher-intensity physical activity level can help improve preschool children's cardiorespiratory fitness.Very few studies have investigated the relationship between motor-and-cognitive development and cardiopulmonary fitness in preschool children,and the correlation is inconsistent.It is suggested that Chinese scholars pay attention to the indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness development in preschool children,and that healthy physical fitness including cardiorespiratory fitness may affect preschool children's participation in physical activities,motor skills development,weight changes,thus more empirical studies are needed.